Fast and Safe Charging Strategy for Lithium-ion Batteries Based on PSO-MPC

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Fast and Safe Charging Strategy for Lithium-ion Batteries Based on PSO-MPC

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[1]QIN Dongchen,LUO Qingzhou,YANG Junjie,et al.Fast and Safe Charging Strategy for Lithium-ion Batteries Based on PSO-MPC[J].Journal of Zhengzhou University (Engineering Science),2025,46(05):90-97.[doi:10.13705/j.issn.1671-6833.2025.05.005]

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Journal of Zhengzhou University (Engineering Science)[ISSN 1671-6833/CN 41-1339/T] Volume: 46 Number of periods: 2025 05 Page number: 90-97 Column: Public date: 2025-08-10

Title:: Fast and Safe Charging Strategy for Lithium-ion Batteries Based on PSO-MPC

Author(s):: QIN Dongchen; LUO Qingzhou; YANG Junjie; CHEN Jiangyi; WU Hongxia; School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China

Keywords:: lithium-ion battery; charging strategy optimization; MPC; battery performance; battery safety; battery capacity decay

CLC:: TM912.9TP18

DOI:: 10.13705/j.issn.1671-6833.2025.05.005

Abstract:: The issues of low charging speed, rapid temperature rise, lithium plating, and overcharging in lithiumion batteries were addressed in this study. A model predictive control (MPC) charging strategy based on an improved particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm was proposed.Firstly,an equivalent circuit-thermal-electrochemical-aging coupled model was established, combining the advantages of equivalent circuit and electrochemical models to accurately predict terminal voltage, temperature variations, and aging mechanisms (e. g., SEI film growth, active material loss, and capacity loss from lithium plating).Secondly,the coupled model was discretized to build a state-space model, with added safety constraints to prevent thermal runaway, lithium plating, and overcharging. Based on the state-space model, future battery states were predicted, and a cost function for charging time and energy loss was formulated.Finally, the improved PSO algorithm was used to solve for the optimal charging current sequence, enabling real-time charging optimization.MATLAB/Simulink simulations showed the strategy significantly reduced charging time while effectively controlling battery temperature, terminal voltage, and lithium plating overpotential, avoiding issues like thermal runaway, lithium plating and overcharging. Experimental comparisons with traditional strategies showed a reduction in charging time by 17.3% to 61.1% and capacity decay by 7.6% to 36%. This research provided a new direction for lithium-ion battery charging optimization.

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Last Update: 2025-09-19