The "chimney effect" is a general principle that regulates the natural ventilation of the interior space of a building. This paper explains the basic principles of the "chimney effect" in architectural design and the factors influencing architectural design based on this principle: seasonal factors and environmental factors. Combined with examples of contemporary architecture, the specific design patterns and methods of applying this principle are summarized: patio atrium, solar chimney, breathing double-layer curtain wall and environmental wind tower. The breathing double-layer curtain wall is a design mode that reduces the pollution of the outside air to the interior and avoids air turbulence through this principle. The discussion of the "chimney effect" aims to play a beneficial role in saving resources and reducing environmental load.