Differential Analysis of Neural Patterns across Multiple Brain Regions in Pigeons duringDecision-Making Tasks of Varying Difficulty

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Differential Analysis of Neural Patterns across Multiple Brain Regions in Pigeons duringDecision-Making Tasks of Varying Difficulty

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[1]SHANG Zhigang,WANG Yinghui,JIN Fuli,et al.Differential Analysis of Neural Patterns across Multiple Brain Regions in Pigeons duringDecision-Making Tasks of Varying Difficulty[J].Journal of Zhengzhou University (Engineering Science),2027,48(XX):1-8.[doi:10. 13705 / j. issn. 1671-6833. 2027. 02. 005]

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Journal of Zhengzhou University (Engineering Science)[ISSN 1671-6833/CN 41-1339/T] Volume: 48 Number of periods: 2027 XX Page number: 1-8 Column: Public date: 2027-12-10

Title:: Differential Analysis of Neural Patterns across Multiple Brain Regions in Pigeons duringDecision-Making Tasks of Varying Difficulty

Author(s):: SHANG Zhigang^1,2, WANG Yinghui¹, JIN Fuli^3,4, YANG Lifang^1,2, ZHANG Jiashuo¹,YUE Caitong¹, LI Mengmeng^1,2; 1. School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; 2. Henan Key Laboratory ofBrain Science and Brain Computer Interface Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China; 3. School of Electronic Information, HuanghuaiUniversity, Zhumadian 463000, China; 4. Henan Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Human-Machine Interaction Equipment,Huanghuai University, Zhumadian 463000, China

Keywords:: decision difficulty; NCL; ST; frequency band energy; functional connectivity

CLC:: Q811. 3 Q424

DOI:: 10. 13705 / j. issn. 1671-6833. 2027. 02. 005

Abstract:: To investigate the behavioural strategy regulation mechanisms of birds during value-based decision-making, this study conducted research on adult pigeons to address the lack of clarity regarding the neural dynamic characteristics of the nidopallium caudolaterale (NCL) and striatum ( ST) under varying cognitive loads. Two types ofthree-choice decision-making tasks—low difficulty ( high reward variance) and high difficulty ( low reward variance)—were designed. Local field potential signals from NCL and ST were recorded synchronously during task execution. Power spectral density analysis was used to extract and compare energy characteristics in Theta, Alpha, Beta, and Gamma bands. Furthermore, functional networks were constructed based on phase locking value to comparenetwork topology across different learning stages and decision-making difficulties. The results indicated that high-difficulty conditions significantly inhibited learning speed and increased strategy volatility. During the acquisitionphase of low-difficulty tasks, Gamma-band power and the clustering coefficient in ST were significantly enhanced,reflecting its dominant role in reward-driven decision execution. Conversely, in high-difficulty tasks, Theta and Alpha oscillations in NCL were significantly potentiated, with an accompanied increase in network integration levels,reflecting its critical involvement in strategy maintenance and cognitive control. This study demonstrated that the oscillation and functional connectivity patterns in NCL and ST were significantly modulated by decision difficulty.These findings reveal the differentiated labor between brain regions when processing varying cognitive loads inbirds, providing a crucial experimental basis for understanding the neural foundations of avian value learning andcross-species cognitive functional comparisons.

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