The nano-Al2O3-coated Al composite powder was prepared by heterogeneous precipitation, and Al2O3/Al composites were prepared by hot pressing sintering, and the microstructure and thermodynamic properties of the composites were studied by differential thermal analyzer, SEM, Jiaxian Vickers hardness tester and universal testing machine. The results showed that the compound powder components obtained by calcination at 1 050°C/30 min were α-Al2O3 and Al. Compared with single-phase Al2O3, the addition of nano-Al reduced the sintering temperature of porcelain. The flexural strength of Al10O2/Al composite ceramics with a molar fraction of 3% Al increased by 10%, the fracture toughness increased by 86%, and the hardness value decreased with the increase of Al.