The low-temperature performance of asphalt mixture under fresh, short-term aging and long-term aging was compared by splitting test method. The test shows that the low-temperature performance of the unaged asphalt mixture cannot reflect and predict the performance after aging, and the short-term aging test is more sensitive than the long-term aging test when evaluating the low-temperature performance of asphalt mixture, which indicates that it is necessary to fully consider the influence of aging factors in the low-temperature performance test evaluation process of asphalt mixture.