6061Al/SiCp metal matrix composites (MMC) were prepared by jet co-deposition method, and the thermal residual stress and damping performance under quenching state were simulated by finite element method, and the calculation results showed that there was significant residual tensile stress in the matrix material of the quenched sample, and the water quenched sample was higher than that of dry ice quenched sample, according to the dislocation damping mechanism, the tensile internal stress in the matrix would help the dislocation to start, thereby reducing the size of the critical strain amplitude. The strain amplitude correlation effect is improved, which is manifested as an improvement in the internal friction value. Finally, the experimental results verify the above theoretical analysis again.