Hyperbolic cooling tower is an important structure in the power industry, and its reliability is directly related to the stability and safety of power production. Combined with the reliability identification of a hyperbolic cooling tower of a thermal power plant, according to the structural characteristics of the hyperbolic cooling tower, a structural model composed of beam elements and shell elements was established, and the force of the hyperbolic cooling tower under various load combinations was analyzed and calculated by the finite element method, and the reliability analysis and identification method of such industrial structures was proposed. The analysis and calculation results show that this method is systematic, comprehensive and in line with the structural reality, and can consider the influence of structural damage on the stress performance of the structure, and has been applied to the engineering practice.