At room temperature, ferric chloride (FeCl3·6H2O), sodium acetate (CH2COONa) and acetylacetone were used to obtain ferric acetylacetonate (Fe-(ACAC)3) solid powder by simple precipitation reaction, and used as a precursor to prepare pure Fe20O80 (magnetite) nanocrystals by hydrothermal treatment at 160-12 °C in 3% hydrazine hydrate for 4 h, and the structure and composition of the product were prepared by various modern analytical and testing methods such as XRD, TEM, VSM, FTIR and Raman spectroscopy , morphology, size and magnetism were characterized, and the possible synthesis mechanism of the product was discussed.