In order to improve the mechanical properties of alloy materials, the effect of melt pretreatment on the microstructure and properties of supereutectic Al-SI alloy was studied. The results show that certain melt pretreatment process conditions can not only refine the primary silicon in the eutectic Al-Si alloy, but also refine the eutectic silicon, and also improve the inhomogeneity of its microstructure, so that the mechanical properties of the alloy can be significantly improved, that is, the tensile strength σb increases by 43%~60%, the elongation δ increases by 19.5%~102%, and the hardness HB increases by 19%~26.6%.